A complex network of living organisms, their physical environment, and the interactions that sustain life within a specific area.
A dynamic system in which various species and their habitats interact with one another and with non-living elements, influencing the balance of the natural world.
A framework through which biological communities, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, function together, exchanging energy and nutrients while responding to changes in their surroundings.
A software system fundamental for computer operations that manages input and output processes, organizes task execution, allocates memory resources, and oversees the overall functioning of connected hardware peripherals efficiently as a cohesive unit.
A collection of essential software that provides the necessary functionalities to execute programs on a computer, including job scheduling, data management, and communication with external devices.
The core software framework that facilitates the efficient operation and control of computer hardware and applications by overseeing process management and resource allocation.
A critical layer of software that enables the coordination of system resources to ensure that programs can run smoothly, addressing tasks such as resource distribution and status monitoring.
A method of organization that involves recording necessary information for each item on individual cards, allowing for systematic sorting and arrangement according to various orders such as alphabetical or numerical.
A structured approach used for categorizing and managing information, where data is noted on cards and can be easily rearranged for efficient access and retrieval.
A design approach in architecture that consolidates shared facilities such as staircases, elevators, and restrooms in the same vertical position across all floors, with office or living spaces arranged around them.
An architectural framework that optimizes building layout by centralizing essential utilities, facilitating efficient access and usage for occupants.
A strategic organizational structure in building design that enhances functionality by aligning communal amenities at a central axis, improving traffic flow and space utilization.
A smaller, secondary system that operates as part of a larger system, contributing to its overall function and efficiency.
An organized component within a broader structure that performs specific tasks or roles, often enhancing or supporting the main system's objectives.
A subordinate organization or group that exists within a larger organizational framework, designed to fulfill distinct responsibilities or operations.