A preliminary stage or preparation that serves as the basis for advancing skills or knowledge, often necessary for achieving a more complex or refined outcome.

The underlying or inherent quality or state that is not immediately visible, often influencing the surface characteristics of something.

A base or substrate upon which something can be applied, constructed, or processed, such as plaster or paint on a wall.

The natural disposition or inherent talent that one is born with, influencing one's abilities or characteristics.

An older or originally existing state or condition, often referring to something that precedes the current situation or event.

A period of training or apprenticeship before reaching full competence or maturity in a particular field or profession.

In historical contexts, refers to land that generates income or yields, particularly in relation to taxes or feudal obligations, indicating its economic value.

In a Buddhist context, refers to a lower spiritual state in the hierarchy of bodhisattva practice or an inferior realm compared to higher spiritual states.