A condition characterized by a significant decline in economic activity, marked by low consumer demand and business investment, leading to widespread financial hardship and stagnation in growth.
A period in which the economy experiences negative growth, where there is insufficient effective demand relative to production capacity, causing high unemployment and decreased consumer spending.
An adverse economic climate in which businesses struggle to maintain profitability, often resulting in cost-cutting measures, layoffs, and prolonged challenges in recovering to previous economic levels.
Example:
好況と不況は交互に来る。
A period marked by a significant decline in economic activity across multiple countries, leading to widespread financial hardship and decreased consumer spending.
A situation in which major economies experience prolonged negative growth, affecting international trade, investment, and employment rates on a global scale.
A period marked by a significant decline in economic activity, characterized by widespread unemployment, reduced consumer spending, and a contraction in industrial production.
An extended phase of financial instability that leads to substantial negative impacts on businesses and personal livelihoods, with lasting effects on the economy.