A term used to express familiarity and affection when addressing someone of equal or lower status, typically used by males, and can indicate a sense of camaraderie.
A respectful honorific referring to a superior or esteemed individual, often used in formal contexts or when showing light respect, such as during ceremonies or acknowledgments.
An address used historically to denote one’s ruler or master, emphasizing loyalty and service within a hierarchical relationship.
A suffix added to names or titles to convey camaraderie and mild respect, commonly used among friends or peers.
A casual way to refer to a close male acquaintance that conveys an informal relationship, often indicating a sense of equality or brotherhood.
Example:
宿題を忘れるなんては不注意だった。
A designated area in urban or suburban settings that features greenery and facilities for recreation, providing a space for the community to relax and enjoy outdoor activities.
A region that preserves natural elements such as animals, forests, or ponds in a state close to nature, serving as a recreational space for visitors.
An area managed by government entities with a focus on conserving the natural landscape while minimizing artificial constructions, often referred to as a national park or natural reserve.
A public garden primarily located in or around cities, where citizens can take leisurely walks and enjoy moments of rest and recreation.
Example:
この公園はすべての人に公開されている。
A term signifying matters that are related to the state, society, or public administration, emphasizing responsibilities that extend beyond individual interests.
A word used to refer to someone of status or rank in formal communication, conveying respect or acknowledgment in a ceremonial context.
An expression indicating involvement or affairs that concern the general populace, highlighting actions or information that are known or open to the wider community.
A designation for a noble rank, specifically referring to the highest category of peerage, known as a duke.
An adjective describing the quality of being unbiased and equitable, free from personal motivations or biases.
Referring to matters or entities that are recognized and sanctioned by the state or society, emphasizing their role in public governance or administration.
Describing actions or roles that are performed in a capacity that represents the community or organization as a whole, rather than from an individual perspective.
Pertaining to situations or information that has become widely known or is meant to be disclosed to the general public, often in a legal or formal context.
Characterizing a person or position of high social or political rank, traditionally associated with noble titles or formal dignity.
Example:
多くの国が公の場所での喫煙を禁止する法律を通過させている。
The act of allowing general access or attendance to a previously restricted space, performance, or information, enabling individuals to freely view or participate.
The process of officially presenting or disclosing information, events, or objects to the public, promoting transparency and engagement from a wider audience.
An event or activity that is designated for participation by the general public, often aimed at fostering community interaction or informing the populace.
The provision of access to materials or knowledge that were previously confidential, allowing for public scrutiny and discourse.
Example:
この公園はすべての人に公開されている。