The act of engaging physically or mentally in tasks aimed at producing goods or services, often in exchange for compensation or financial gain.
A systematic effort involving the use of one's body or mind to accomplish assigned duties or responsibilities in a workplace context, often governed by labor laws and agreements.
The collective activities undertaken by individuals that contribute to economic production, which can include both physical work and intellectual efforts, particularly in industrial or agricultural settings.
An organized form of effort by individuals to fulfill job functions or roles within a society, often influenced by social and legal frameworks concerning workers' rights and conditions.
A fundamental aspect of economic activity in which people exert their skills and abilities to create value, encompassing a broad array of occupations and industries.
Example:
むかしのような激しい日雇い労働はできやしない。
Work that requires significant physical strength and intense effort, often associated with tasks in construction and transportation.
Labor that demands considerable energy and stamina, often related to demanding physical activities or strenuous tasks.
A type of labor that may be imposed as a severe punishment, involving arduous physical exertion beyond typical work conditions.
Example:
赤ちゃんを育てるのは重労働です。
Actions by employers that interfere with, undermine, or discriminate against employees' rights to organize and participate in labor unions, prohibited by labor laws.
Conduct by management that denies workers their right to collective bargaining, retaliates against union members, or imposes negative consequences as a response to union activities.
Practices by a company that unlawfully infringe upon the rights of workers to form unions, engage in collective action, or negotiate their working conditions, often resulting in punitive measures against employees.
A government-established committee designed to mediate and resolve conflicts between workers and employers, ensuring fair labor practices and representation of public interest through an equal number of representatives from workers, employers, and the public.
An administrative body that conducts arbitration and investigation into disputes related to labor, focusing on the preservation and improvement of labor relations and the rights of workers in their interactions with employers.
An institution formed under labor legislation that provides a platform for resolving disputes arising in the workplace, addressing issues such as unfair labor practices and negotiation of collective agreements.
A regulatory agency tasked with promoting harmonious labor relations by facilitating discussions and resolutions between employees and employers, both to prevent and to address workplace conflicts.
A type of song sung to enhance solidarity and raise awareness within labor movements.
Traditional songs associated with agricultural, forestry, or weaving work, typically sung while performing those tasks to boost morale and rhythm.
Musical expressions that accompany physical labor, often reflecting the experiences and struggles of workers in various manual occupations.