A formal academic title awarded to individuals who have successfully completed a doctoral program, including the defense of a dissertation or passing specific examinations, indicating a high level of expertise in their field of study.
A person who possesses extensive knowledge or expertise in a particular area, often recognized as an authority or specialist in that subject matter.
A historic role within ancient Japanese educational institutions, where individuals served as instructors or officials responsible for the education of students in various academic disciplines.
A term used to refer to an individual who has achieved a significant level of scholarly research and publication, particularly in the context of Japan's higher education system.
A colloquial honorific that denotes someone recognized for their vast knowledge or expertise, commonly used to address those considered learned in specific subjects, such as weather or traditional arts.
Example:
１９７２年に、フランシーヌ・パターソン博士はココに手話を教え始めた。
A program of advanced study at the university level that follows the completion of a master's degree, typically lasting three years, focusing on in-depth academic research and scholarship.
An academic track designed for individuals who have completed their undergraduate studies, lasting a minimum of five years, aimed at cultivating expertise in a specific field of study through rigorous research and study.
A specialized educational pathway that leads to obtaining a doctorate, emphasizing original research and the development of new knowledge in a chosen discipline.
A title granted to an individual who has successfully completed the rigorous examination and dissertation process necessary to achieve the highest level of academic qualification in a specific field of study.
An advanced academic distinction indicating that the recipient has made significant contributions to their area of expertise through research and scholarly work.
The formal recognition awarded to a scholar after demonstrating mastery of a discipline, typically following years of study and original research, denoting a profound understanding of complex concepts.
Example:
彼女は博士号を取得した。
医学の分野において高度な教育を受け、研究や診療に従事する資格を持った専門家。
医療や公衆衛生に関する知識を深め、患者の診断や治療を行い、健康の維持と改善に寄与する学位を有する個人。
医学研究において独自の成果を上げ、医療の進歩に貢献するための専門的な訓練を受けた人。
A person who has attained the highest academic degree in engineering, demonstrating expertise in both theoretical knowledge and practical applications in the field.
An individual recognized for their advanced research contributions in engineering, typically qualified to teach or mentor others at the university level.
A professional who has completed extensive study and original research in engineering disciplines, often leading to innovations or developments that impact industry and technology.