The smallest unit of matter that retains the unique properties of an element, consisting of a central nucleus and surrounding electrons, essential for forming molecules.
A fundamental particle considered indivisible in ancient philosophical thought, representing the building blocks of physical substances.
The nucleus of an atom, typically composed of protons and neutrons, which carries most of the atom's mass and is surrounded by electrons.
Example:
鉄の原子番号は26です。
A large mushroom-shaped cloud formed immediately after a nuclear explosion, characterized by the dispersal of radioactive materials into the atmosphere.
A visible plume of gases and particles that ascends into the sky following a nuclear detonation, often associated with the destructive force of the explosion.
A significant atmospheric phenomenon resulting from nuclear reactions, marked by its distinctive shape and composition, which contains hazardous elements.
A complex particle formed in the center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons, which holds a positive electric charge and accounts for most of the atom's mass.
The central core of an atom, where the strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons together, typically having a radius smaller than 10⁻¹⁴ meters.
The part of an atom that determines its identity and mass, consisting of positively charged particles (protons) and neutral particles (neutrons), and is crucial for understanding atomic structure and nuclear reactions.
Example:
原子核には大量のエネルギーが封じ込められている。
A powerful explosive weapon that releases an immense amount of energy through a chain reaction of nuclear fission, primarily utilizing Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239 as its core materials.
A device that causes widespread destruction and devastation through intense heat, shockwaves, and radiation, resulting from the rapid splitting of atomic nuclei.
A military weapon developed during World War II, notable for its historical use in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to catastrophic loss of life and significant ethical debates about warfare and human rights.
An explosive that generates immediate and formidable energy, with destructive capabilities equivalent to thousands of tons of conventional explosives, particularly associated with the horrors of nuclear warfare.
Example:
科学が原子爆弾を生み出した。
A branch of physics that investigates the properties and structures of atoms, emphasizing their behavior at quantum levels since the late 19th century.
The scientific discipline focused on understanding the interactions and characteristics of atomic components, often intertwining with the study of nuclear physics.