きょねん去年kyonenこぞ去年kozo
1.

The year preceding the current one, often characterized by reflecting on past events during the transition to a new year.

2.

A term frequently used in formal or literary contexts to denote the previous year, especially when recalling memories or experiences from that time.

3.

A historical reference to the year that directly comes before the current year, commonly used to denote significant occasions that occurred during that time.

Example:

ビルは去年の秋に私に会いに来た。

きょねんまつ去年末kyonenmatsu
1.

The period marking the conclusion of the previous calendar year, often associated with reflections on the past year and preparations for the year ahead.

2.

The final days or moments of the year that has just passed, typically characterized by celebrations or holiday activities.

3.

The time frame that includes December of the previous year, highlighting its significance in cultural and social contexts.