The act of conveying information or expressing ideas through spoken language rather than written text, emphasizing verbal communication in a conversation or presentation.
A specific form of communication that occurs verbally, characterized by features such as intonation and pronunciation, and distinguished from written forms of language.
A method of response in examinations where candidates provide answers vocally, demonstrating their knowledge and understanding without the aid of written materials.
Example:
刑事はその場で彼の口頭証言を書き取った。
A legal procedure in civil litigation where parties or their representatives present arguments verbally in front of a judge.
A component of court proceedings in which direct statements and presentations are made by involved parties, encompassing the examination of evidence in a broader sense.
An interactive phase in a trial setting, characterized by spoken advocacy rather than written submissions, allowing for immediate dialogue and clarification between the judge and the parties involved.
The formal exchange of arguments and evidence in a courtroom setting, where the emphasis is on oral communication rather than written documentation, facilitating a dynamic legal discussion.