A process by which the state resolves disputes and determines the legality or illegality of specific matters through the application of law in concrete cases, typically undertaken by judicial institutions such as courts.
The exercise of state power to adjudicate both civil and criminal cases based on established laws, serving as one of the three branches of government alongside legislative and administrative functions.
The authority vested in judicial bodies to interpret laws, make legal determinations, and uphold rights and obligations, providing a structured approach to conflict resolution within society.
The authority exercised by a state to administer justice through civil and criminal trials based on established laws, functioning alongside legislative and executive powers.
The specific power entrusted to courts, including the Supreme Court and lower courts, to interpret laws and resolve disputes according to the legal framework of the country.
The legal competence of a state to enforce laws and make judicial decisions, which encompasses the overall system responsible for upholding the law and administering justice.
Example:
独裁者は司法権を自分のものとした。
A structured system established by a society to interpret and enforce laws, ensuring fairness and equality in the administration of justice.
An organized framework that encompasses courts, legal processes, and personnel involved in the pursuit of justice and resolution of disputes.
The collective entities and procedures designed to uphold legal principles, protect individual rights, and maintain social order within a community or nation.
A mechanism through which legal rights and responsibilities are adjudicated, often comprising various levels of courts and judicial bodies that operate within a defined legal framework.
A formal legal process in which a court examines evidence and arguments related to civil or criminal cases, carried out by a judge or panel of judges to determine guilt or liability according to the law.
The application of judicial authority granted by the state to resolve disputes or prosecute offenses, distinct from legislative and administrative actions.
A specific judicial procedure that adjudicates legal conflicts brought before the court, encompassing both civil suits and criminal prosecutions under established legal frameworks.
A public servant involved in the execution of judicial authority, typically referring to judges, and more broadly encompassing prosecutors as well.
An official who plays a crucial role in administering justice, ensuring that legal proceedings are conducted in accordance with the law.
A professional responsible for upholding the legal system by overseeing trials, making legal determinations, and ensuring fair treatment within the judicial process.