A term used to express familiarity and affection when addressing someone of equal or lower status, typically used by males, and can indicate a sense of camaraderie.
A respectful honorific referring to a superior or esteemed individual, often used in formal contexts or when showing light respect, such as during ceremonies or acknowledgments.
An address used historically to denote one’s ruler or master, emphasizing loyalty and service within a hierarchical relationship.
A suffix added to names or titles to convey camaraderie and mild respect, commonly used among friends or peers.
A casual way to refer to a close male acquaintance that conveys an informal relationship, often indicating a sense of equality or brotherhood.
Example:
宿題を忘れるなんては不注意だった。
A term used to address someone of higher status or authority with a sense of respect, often used in formal settings such as ceremonies or eulogies to express honor or deference.
An informal term of endearment or familiarity used primarily by males when referring to peers or younger individuals, conveying a sense of camaraderie or friendship.
A term that can denote a family member when used as a suffix, expressing respect towards the person's relation, such as father or elder sister.
Historically, it has referred to a ruler or leader, signifying a person in a position of governance or nobility.
Example:
トニーはなんと上手にテニスをすることができるのだろう。
A term used to address a group of people in a familiar or informal manner, implying camaraderie or closeness among the speaker and the listeners.
Used to refer to a collective group, often with a sense of inclusivity and directness, indicating that the speaker is engaging with multiple individuals simultaneously.
A plural form of addressing individuals, typically male-friendly, that suggests a shared context or situation among the people being spoken to.
An informal pronoun that conveys a sense of familiarity, often used among friends or peers, highlighting the relationship between the speaker and the addressed group.
Example:
それらは君たちの椅子ではありません。
A term used to collectively refer to a group of individuals, typically in a formal or respectful manner, especially when addressing an audience or assembly.
A form of address commonly utilized by men to invoke a sense of light respect or camaraderie when speaking to peers or individuals of lower status, conveying a more earnest tone than casual terms like "you all" or "everyone."
Example:
私は諸君のすべてを知っているわけではない。
The act of governing a nation or territory as a sovereign leader, exercising authority and making decisions for the welfare of subjects or citizens.
The exertion of dominant power or influence over a specific field or area, where one entity stands above others in capability or authority.
The position of holding supreme control or mastery within a particular sphere, signifying an overwhelming presence that commands respect or fear from others.
Example:
その王は４０年間にわたって人民の上に君臨した。