A fundamental legal document that establishes the essential principles and framework for the organization and governance of a nation, serving as the highest law that cannot be altered by other laws or orders.
A binding agreement that outlines the core principles and rules governing a society or organization, serving as a foundation for its operation and ensuring rights and responsibilities are upheld.
A formal charter that defines the structure, powers, and limits of government institutions, guaranteeing the rights of individuals within a state.
The ultimate legal authority within a nation that provides guidelines for creating laws and ensuring justice while embodying the values and aspirations of the society it serves.
Example:
アメリカには憲法上の抑制と均衡という入念な制度がある。
The practice of analyzing and explaining the meanings, implications, and applications of a nation's constitution to ensure adherence to its principles and provisions.
The process by which legal scholars and courts interpret the text of a constitution to resolve ambiguities and apply it to contemporary legal issues and cases.
An intellectual and legal method aimed at understanding the intent behind constitutional provisions and how they should influence legislation and governance in society.
The fundamental legal framework that governs the nation of Japan, which was enacted on May 3, 1947, and is characterized by principles such as the sovereignty of the people, respect for fundamental human rights, and a commitment to peace.
The current constitution of Japan that replaced the previous imperial constitution, establishing a parliamentary system, symbolic monarchy, and judicial authority to review laws for constitutionality.
A constitutional document that defines the organization of government, the rights of the citizens, and the guiding principles of democracy and pacifism in post-war Japan.
Example:
我々は日本国憲法に従わないといけない。
The act or condition where laws, orders, regulations, or administrative decisions do not conform to the principles established in the constitution, leading to potential legal challenges.
A legal state that arises when a particular statute or governmental action contradicts the fundamental rights and frameworks outlined in the constitution, often subject to determination by the highest court.
Example:
小泉首相が「憲法違反だから靖国神社参拝しちゃいかんという人がいます」と語った。
A specialist who studies the principles, structures, and interpretations of a nation's constitution, focusing on legal frameworks and their implications for governance and civil rights.
An academic or professional engaged in the analysis and critique of constitutional documents and their application within the legal system, contributing to the understanding of constitutional law.
A researcher who explores the historical development, context, and judicial interpretations of constitutional law, often involved in discussions regarding the evolution of legal systems and individual rights.