The process of extracting valuable minerals or natural resources, such as coal or oil, from beneath the earth's surface.
The act of digging or drilling to retrieve buried geological materials, often for commercial purposes.
The operation of removing mineral deposits or fuels from the ground, typically involving specialized techniques and equipment.
A term that encompasses various methods used to uncover and collect underground resources, including metals and fossil fuels.
A legal entitlement granted to an individual or entity that permits the extraction of minerals from a designated area, usually subject to specific regulations and oversight.
A formal right associated with mining operations that allows the holder to explore and extract natural resources from a specific land area that has been officially registered for such activities.
The authorization to conduct mining activities, including the exploration and removal of minerals, within a specified geographic region, often linked to adherence to environmental and safety laws.