The process of modifying outdated or inadequate systems and institutions to better align with contemporary needs and values.
An effort to improve social structures and organizations while maintaining their foundational principles.
The act of instituting changes with the intention of creating a more effective and beneficial configuration in political or societal frameworks.
Example:
「冬の時代」が大学改革の起爆剤となってくれればと思う。
A structured plan or suggestion aimed at improving a system, organization, or institution through significant changes or adjustments.
A formal proposal that outlines specific strategies or actions intended to promote progress or rectify issues within a particular framework.
An actionable blueprint that presents potential modifications to existing policies or practices to enhance effectiveness or address shortcomings.
Example:
彼らは改革案を断固として推し進めるつもりのようだ。
The process of modifying the structure and operation of government agencies at the national or local level to better respond to internal and external changes.
An initiative aimed at improving the efficiency of governmental operations through restructuring, consolidating organizations, and easing regulations.
Example:
首相は行政改革を提案した。
A series of changes and adjustments made to the political system or institutions to improve their function, transparency, and responsiveness to citizens' needs.
Initiatives aimed at altering existing policies, structures, or practices within a government to enhance democratic governance and accountability.
The process of implementing new laws and regulations intended to address inefficiencies, corruption, or inequities within a political framework, leading to a more equitable distribution of power and resources.
Example:
意味のある変革がなされるならば、私は政治改革に総じて賛成だ。
A religious movement that began in the early 16th century, initiated by Martin Luther's critiques of the Catholic Church, which sought to address perceived corruption and doctrinal errors, leading to the establishment of Protestant churches and significant changes in Western Christianity.
A transformative period in European history characterized by the challenge to the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and the promotion of the belief that salvation comes through faith alone and scripture as the sole source of divine revelation.
The process through which various Protestant denominations emerged, marked by calls for religious and institutional reforms, resulting in a fundamental shift in Christian practices and relations between the church and society.