A type of business organization characterized by its division of ownership into shares, where shareholders enjoy limited liability, allowing them to invest in the company without risking more than their initial investment.

An incorporated entity that has a distinct legal identity, allowing it to engage in business activities, enter into contracts, and be held liable for its debts independent of its owners.

A corporate structure in which ownership is represented by shares of stock, enabling ease of transfer of ownership and participation in decision-making through shareholder meetings and a board of directors.

A legal form of organization that pools capital from multiple investors who become shareholders, thus facilitating large-scale operations and the ability to raise significant funds through public offerings.

The process through which a company transitions from having its shares held by a limited group of shareholders to making those shares available for purchase by a broad and unspecified audience, often to raise capital for growth or development.

An event in which a privately held company's stocks are listed for sale to the general public, allowing a wider range of investors to acquire ownership in the company, typically for fundraising purposes.

The act of making a company's shares available to the public market, which not only increases liquidity but also helps the company gain financial resources to support its operations and expansion.

A regulated marketplace where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold, facilitating the trading of equity securities.

An organized venue that provides a platform for investors to trade stocks and other financial instruments, allowing for price discovery and liquidity in the financial markets.

An institution that ensures fair and orderly trading of stocks, providing transparency and maintaining rules for market participants.