A term used by the speaker to refer to the direction or area that is physically closer to them, often indicating a place, person, or object that is situated in that vicinity.
A more formal expression used to indicate oneself or one's group, emphasizing the speaker's personal involvement or proximity in a conversation or situation, often used in polite contexts.
A respectful reference to another individual in a conversation, indicating someone nearby of higher status or authority, while also denoting the speaker's own position relative to that person.
A term that can refer to a period of time starting from a past point up to the present, often used to indicate continuity or duration in situations or relationships.
Example:
こちらへやってくる少年とその犬をごらんなさい。
Refers to a direction or location that is near the speaker, often implying a sense of proximity or familiarity, such as "this way" or "over here."
Used to refer to oneself in a humble or polite manner, typically in a context where the speaker is addressing another person respectfully.
Indicates a specific area or place associated with the speaker, often implying an invitation or relevance to the listener, such as "please come this way" or "this location."
Can refer to a group of people or items that are closer to the speaker compared to others, signifying a choice or preference based on location.