すいげん水源suigen
1.

The location from which a river or stream originates, often emerging from a mountainside or other natural formation, and serving as the starting point for its flow. This term can also refer more broadly to sources of water supply, such as those providing water for municipal use.

2.

A natural point of emergence for water, such as springs or aquifers, that contribute to the flow of rivers and streams, indicating the essential origin of freshwater resources.

3.

The foundational place where water begins its journey in rivers and streams, encompassing both surface and underground sources that are crucial for sustaining ecosystems and human use.

Example:

川の始まるところが、水源である。