A state of matter characterized by a definite volume but lacking a fixed shape, allowing it to conform to the shape of its container while maintaining fluidity. When heated, it changes into a gas, and when cooled, it solidifies.
A substance that exists in a flowable form, where the molecules are close together but not arranged in a fixed pattern, enabling constant movement and interaction among them, unlike in solids or gases.
A physical state of matter that remains flexible and can change form, commonly found in substances like water and oil, which transition to solid or gas states at specific temperature thresholds.
Example:
水と石油は共に液体である。
A cryogenic liquid formed by cooling nitrogen gas to extremely low temperatures, commonly recognized for its ability to reach a temperature of -196 degrees Celsius, making it ideal for various scientific and industrial applications.
An inert and non-toxic liquid used primarily as a refrigerant, ideal for preserving biological samples and enabling quick freezing methods in the food industry.
A colorless, low-density liquid produced through the distillation of liquid air, which serves a critical role in laboratories and medical fields due to its unique thermal properties.
A versatile substance that exists as a liquid at very low temperatures and is widely applied in cryogenics, providing a safe method for rapidly cooling materials without chemical reactivity.
A form of oxygen that has been cooled and pressurized to exist in a liquid state, exhibiting a pale blue color and capable of transforming into gas when warmed.
A highly reactive material used in various industrial applications, including as a propellant in rocket fuel and as an oxidizer in certain explosive compounds, due to its strong oxidizing properties.
A cryogenic liquid with a boiling point of -183 degrees Celsius, produced through the distillation of air or by compressing and cooling oxygen gas, commonly utilized in welding and other engineering processes.
A type of fuel that exists in liquid form at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, commonly derived from petroleum and its fractional distillation products such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, and gasoline, as well as from plant and animal oils and alcohols, utilized in applications like boilers, generators, home heating, and internal combustion engines.
A category of fuels that are maintained in a liquid state under standard conditions, encompassing a variety of substances including hydrocarbons and biofuels, known for their use in powering machinery and vehicles as well as for heating purposes.
A cryogenic liquid form of helium that remains in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures, specifically below -268.9 degrees Celsius.
A unique state of helium that can exhibit superfluidity, allowing it to flow without viscosity through tiny openings, distinguishing it from typical liquids.
A substance utilized as a refrigerant in applications requiring ultra-low temperatures, often in scientific experiments and industrial processes.
A specialized form of helium that exists in two distinct phases, known as helium I and helium II, with differing physical properties at varying temperature ranges.