A term used in the Japanese language that refers to words derived from Chinese, typically written with kanji characters and pronounced using on'yomi (Chinese readings), often conveying a more formal or literary tone than native Japanese words.

Words that originated from Chinese and have become an integral part of the Japanese language, often assimilating to the point where they feel native to Japanese speakers, despite their Chinese roots.

Lexical items in Japanese that are pronounced with Chinese phonetics and may include terms developed in Japan that adopt Chinese characters, reflecting the historical influence of Chinese language and culture on Japanese.

Terms that represent the linguistic exchange between China and Japan, which include not only direct borrowings but also locally coined terms that utilize Chinese characters and pronunciations, shaping the vocabulary of contemporary Japanese.