A geological structure formed by the eruption of magma from beneath the Earth's crust, characterized by its distinct cone shape or dome, which can vary in type depending on the nature of the eruptions and the material expelled.
A location where molten rock, gases, and various minerals from inside the Earth are expelled to the surface, often leading to the formation of unique landscapes and affecting the surrounding environment.
A dynamic system that includes not only the physical mountain formed by hardened lava but also the underlying magma chamber and related volcanic activity, which can be classified into various types based on their eruptive behavior.
Example:
その火山は溶岩を流し出した。
A fine, powdery material produced when a volcano erupts, consisting of tiny fragments of rock, minerals, and volcanic glass that are ejected into the air during explosive volcanic activity.
The result of the fracturing and dispersing of magma during a volcanic explosion, creating a material that can settle over large areas, affecting the environment and human activities.
A byproduct of volcanic eruptions that can pose hazards to air travel, agriculture, and human health due to its ability to create airborne particles and blanket landscapes.
A naturally occurring material that forms from the rapid cooling and solidification of volcanic materials, often contributing to soil fertility but also causing challenges in disaster situations.
The various geological events and processes that occur when magma rises from below the Earth's surface, often resulting in eruptions, the release of gases, and the formation of volcanic structures.
The dynamic phenomena associated with volcanoes, including eruptions, the flow and accumulation of volcanic materials, and seismic activities that are related to the movement of magma.
The natural occurrences that happen in and around a volcano caused by the movement and release of magma, which can lead to explosive eruptions and the creation of new landforms.
Example:
火山活動で地面が盛り上がった。
A type of rock formed from the solidification and cooling of magma that has erupted to the surface, typically characterized by a fine-grained or glassy texture, and may contain larger crystals.
Rock created from lava that has been expelled during volcanic eruptions, which can include various compositions such as basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.
Geological material resulting from volcanic activity, consisting of solidified lava and ash, often found in various forms and sizes depending on the eruption's intensity and characteristics.
Solidified magma that has reached or is near the Earth's surface, representing the remnants of volcanic processes and contributing to the formation of different landforms and geological structures.
A volcano that has erupted in the last ten thousand years or shows signs of ongoing volcanic activity, signifying its potential to erupt again in the future.
A classification for volcanoes that have demonstrated volcanic activity within a specific timeframe, especially those that are currently exhibiting strong gas emissions or eruptions.
A geological feature categorized by its history of eruptions in recent geological time, often evaluated for its current level of activity and potential hazards to surrounding areas.
Example:
その活火山は周期的に噴火する。