A tangible entity that occupies space and can be perceived through the senses, distinguishing it from abstract concepts or thoughts.
In physics, it refers to any object that possesses a definite mass and is comprised of fundamental components such as atoms and molecules, which can further be subdivided into particles like protons and electrons.
Concrete items, such as money and goods, that fulfill human desires, contrasting with spiritual or intellectual pursuits.
Example:
その物質は酸で処理しなければならない。
A substance produced by certain microorganisms, such as molds and actinomycetes, that inhibits the growth or function of other microbes and cells, originally derived from natural sources but now also includes synthetically created compounds.
A chemical agent that serves to resist the proliferation of bacteria, commonly used in the treatment of infections by targeting and disrupting bacterial functions.
A therapeutic substance effective against bacterial infections, historically associated with naturally occurring compounds like penicillin, and used in medicine to enhance the body's ability to combat microbial invasions.
Example:
医者は少女に抗生物質を服用させた。
A type of matter that is composed of antiparticles, such as positrons, antiprotons, and antineutrons, which correspond to the particles found in regular matter, like electrons, protons, and neutrons.
A theoretical form of matter where the fundamental particles have opposite charges and other quantum properties compared to those in conventional matter, which has yet to be fully observed or understood in its entirety within the universe.
A substance that, unlike regular matter, consists of particles that annihilate with their matter counterparts upon contact, releasing energy in the process, highlighting its unique characteristics and implications in physics and cosmology.
A substance found in the vast spaces between stars, primarily consisting of neutral hydrogen gas, along with some cosmic dust particles.
The diffuse material located in the universe between celestial bodies, composed mainly of atomic and molecular hydrogen gas and solid particles, which is thought to condense into new stars.
A type of substance that emits radiation due to the instability of its atomic nuclei, which can give rise to various radioactive isotopes.
Any material that possesses radioactive properties, particularly when the specific isotopes present are unknown or when a mixture of multiple radioactive isotopes is involved.
A material characterized by the presence of radioactive elements, capable of emitting particles or electromagnetic waves as a result of radioactive decay processes.