A traditional calculating tool used primarily in East Asia, consisting of a rectangular frame with multiple rods, each threaded with beads that can slide up and down to represent numerical values for performing arithmetic operations.

A method of performing calculations, particularly in daily life, that involves using physical counters or beads to aid in numerical computation.

The practice of considering profits and losses in any situation, often related to making decisions that avoid financial disadvantage.

A term that also denotes a specific calculation technique used in conjunction with a traditional abacus, emphasizing its historical significance in Japanese mathematical education and practice.