A foundational resource that enables the initiation or continuation of activities, encompassing financial assets or materials essential for economic ventures and personal livelihood.
The total contributions made by shareholders to a corporation for its operational purposes, often reflected in formal financial statements.
A crucial factor of production in economic theory, composed of accumulated means of production such as machinery, buildings, and raw materials, that plays a vital role in generating wealth and fostering economic activity.
Example:
彼らには次の工場を建設するだけの資本がある。
The foundational financial resources that are allocated for the operation of a business, encompassing contributions made by shareholders in the form of cash or property, and typically forming the basis for the company’s financial structure.
The total amount of funds raised by a corporation through the issuance of shares, which constitutes a primary source of financing for business activities aimed at generating profit.
The monetary assets and goods that are necessary for a company to engage in productive activities, serving as the essential underpinning for economic operations and enabling the pursuit of business objectives.
Example:
まず第一に、私たちはそれを始める資本金がなくてはならない。
An economic system characterized by private ownership of production means, where capitalists hire workers who sell their labor, and the capitalists aim to generate profit by producing goods whose value exceeds the wages paid to workers.
A modern economic structure in which the pursuit of profit drives the relationship between business owners and employees, fostering competition and innovation in various industries, except for certain sectors like agriculture and fisheries.
A system that emerged after feudalism, primarily established during the Industrial Revolution, where the expansion of commodity production and the accumulation of capital are fundamental to economic development.
Example:
共産主義が崩壊したことにより、今や資本主義が「世界を支配」しようとしているという非難を浴びている。
A person who possesses and invests financial resources or assets to manage businesses for profit, often employing workers in the process.
An individual who engages in economic activities by providing capital, aiming to generate income through the use of labor and resources.
Someone who operates businesses by leveraging owned capital, seeking to maximize profits by utilizing the labor of others under contractual agreements.
A key player in modern economic systems, whose investments in enterprises drive production and generate wealth, typically through the employment of a workforce.
Example:
外国資本家は現地の政情不安が理由で手を引きました。
A foundational work of economic theory authored by Karl Marx, which critiques classical economics and integrates principles of dialectical materialism to analyze capitalism as a distinct mode of production in modern society.
A three-volume analysis that establishes a scientific framework for socialism by examining the dynamics of capitalism, detailing its structures, processes, and inherent contradictions.
The principal manuscript by Marx originally published in 1867, with subsequent volumes released posthumously, providing a critical examination of the capitalist system and its socio-economic implications.