A political entity formed by the union of two or more autonomous regions or states that maintain a degree of independence in local governance while collectively exercising unified authority in foreign affairs and national defense.
A system of governance where multiple jurisdictions cooperate as one overarching state, balancing individual regional power and interests with a centralized administration for managing external relationships.
An arrangement in which various states or provinces come together to form a single nation, characterized by shared governance, where member entities retain certain rights and self-rule while also participating in a centralized political structure for broader issues.
Example:
アメリカ人 は連邦税と州税の両方を払っている。
A legislative body that represents the federated states of a nation, responsible for making laws and overseeing the government at a national level.
An assembly where elected representatives from different regions convene to discuss and pass legislation that affects the entire federation.
The formal institution that plays a crucial role in the governance of a federal system, balancing the interests of individual states with national policies.
A political forum for deliberation and decision-making regarding national issues, operating under a system of representation from various constituent entities.
Example:
連邦議会がその法案を可決した結果、それまで以上に多くの国旗が焼き捨てられたに違いありません。
A political leader who heads the government of a federation, responsible for overseeing the administration and implementing policies at the national level.
The highest-ranking official in a federal system, often serving as the central figure in both domestic and international affairs, embodying the unity of the member states.
An elected representative who manages the executive branch of a federation, typically tasked with coordinating between various states or regions while ensuring alignment with federal laws.
A chief government official who plays a pivotal role in legislative processes, often leading the cabinet and influencing key national decisions in a federal government structure.
A governmental structure in which power is distributed between a central authority and individual political units, allowing them to maintain certain levels of autonomy while being part of a larger organization.
An organizational system that enables multiple states or regions to cooperate under a unified framework, often with shared institutions and legal systems, while retaining their own governance over local matters.
A political arrangement characterized by a division of responsibilities and powers between a national government and constituent entities, designed to balance local and central interests.
複数の州や地域から構成される国家の中央政府で、各州が一定の自治権を持ちながらも共同で法令を制定し、国全体の政治、経済、社会を統治する機関。
連邦の合意に基づいて機能し、地方政府と連携しながら国の政策を推進する、主に立法、行政、司法の機能を持つガバナンスの形態。
Example:
連邦政府の予算削減は社会保障の給付に影響が及ぶでしょう。